DMP1 counteracts VEGF-induced angiogenesis. (A) Proliferation was assessed in sparse and confluent cells treated with DMP1 for 48 hours. For the last 24 hours of DMP1 treatment, cells were treated with VEGF (50 ng/mL), as described in “Methods.” Error bars represent the means ± SD of 3 replicates of a representative experiment (n = 3). **P ≤ .005 and ***P ≤ .0005 vs control or vs VEGF; n.s., not significant. (B) S-phase cell-cycle analysis of serum-starved HUVECs treated with DMP1 (50 nmol/L) and released with either serum or VEGF (50 ng/mL). Error bars represent the means ± SD of 3 replicates of a representative experiment (n = 3). ***P ≤ .0005 vs control. (C) Assessment of HUVEC migration toward VEGF (2 ng/mL) of cells treated with DMP1 (50 nmol/L) for 24 hours and then seeded into the upper compartment of fibronectin coated inserts, as described in “Methods.” Error bars represent the means ± SD of 3 replicates of a representative experiment (n = 3). **P ≤ .005 vs VEGF condition. (D) Capillary tube-like assay of HUVECs treated with DMP1 (100 nmol/L) for 24 hours and then cultured on Matrigel and treated with VEGF (25 ng/mL). Phase-contrast microscopy photomicrographs were taken after 4 hours, and representative fields from one replicate of 2 from one experiment are shown (n = 2). Scale bar = 400 μm.