MiHA-specific CD8⁺ effector T-cell expansion can be enhanced by PD-L–silenced DCs. Two days after electroporation with PD-L1 and/or PD-L2 siRNA, mature HLA-B7⁺LRH-1⁻ or HLA-A2⁺HA-1⁻ DCs were loaded with or without 5μM MiHA peptide. PD-L knockdown resulted in < 17% PD-L1⁺ and/or < 5% PD-L2⁺ DCs. Patient PBMCs, containing MiHA-specific CD8⁺ effector T cells, stimulated with PD-L knockdown DCs at a ratio of 1:0.1, were screened after 1 week for tetramer⁺ CD8⁺ T cells using flow cytometry. The numbers in the FACS plots represent the percentage of (A) LRH-1– (UPN543) or (B) HA-1–specific (UPN640) CD8⁺ T cells in the total CD3⁺CD8⁺ T-cell population. Total numbers of LRH-1– (C) or HA-1–specific (D) CD8⁺ T cells obtained after 1 week of stimulation with PD-L knockdown DCs loaded with or without MiHA peptide.