Anti-CD19–CAR-transduced T cells eradicated large lymphoma masses. (A) Mice received 5 Gy of TBI, and later the same day the mice were injected subcutaneously with 38c13 lymphoma cells. Four days later when visible tumors had formed, the mice received 1 of 4 treatments, or they were left untreated. The 1D3-28Z.1-3 + IL-2 group received an intravenous infusion of 1D3-28Z.1-3–transduced T cells. These mice also received IL-2 daily for 3 days. The first IL-2 injection was administered immediately after the T-cell infusion. The 1D3-28Z.1-3 alone group received 1D3-28Z.1-3–transduced T cells with phosphate-buffered saline injections substituted for IL-2. The SP6-28Z.1-3 + IL-2 group received infusions of the negative control CAR SP6-28Z.1-3 and IL-2. A group of mice received IL-2 alone. The mean tumor sizes of each group are shown. The tumor size curves of the control groups end when the first mouse from a group was killed. There were 5 mice in each group, and these results are representative of 2 experiments with nearly identical results. (B) The survival of the same groups of mice described in panel A is shown. The P value refers to the comparison of the 1D3-28Z.1-3 + IL-2 group and the No treatment group. The 1D3-28Z.1-3 + IL-2 group and the 1D3-28Z.1-3 alone group both had 100% survival. (C) Representative example of a lymphoma mass of a mouse from the SP6-28Z.1-3 + IL-2 group 7 days after T-cell infusion. (D) Representative example of a lymphoma site of a mouse from the 1D3-28Z.1-3 + IL-2 group 7 days after T-cell infusion. (E) Representative examples of κ light chain versus B220 staining of spleen and (F) inguinal lymph nodes demonstrate that subcutaneously injected 38c13 lymphoma cells have metastasized widely in mice from the SP6-28Z.1-3 + IL-2 group 8 days after T-cell infusion. The 38c13 lymphoma cells express kappa light chain but not B220. The plots are gated on live lymphocytes. The numbers on the plots are the percentages of cells in each quadrant.