TM4SF5-mediated VEGF induction involves integrin α₅, FAK-c-Src, and STAT3 activation. SNU449 cells were transiently microporated for 48 hours with pGL3-human VEGF promoter, pBabe–β-galactosidase, and the indicated expression vectors. Total DNA quantity was compensated for an equal amount with a vector only plasmid. (A,C,E,G) Luminescence was measured, and transfection efficiency was normalized by β-galactosidase activity. Data are mean plus or minus SD of 3 independent experiments. RLU indicates relative luciferase activity units. (B,D,F,H) Whole-cell lysates were prepared, normalized, and used in standard Western blots for the indicated molecules. Data shown are representative of at least 3 independent experiments.