Tissue expression of SDF-1α. (A) The expression levels of SDF-1α transcripts in various tissues of C57BL/6 mice, including brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine with or without reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction. In the lane at the right, the expression level of SDF-1α transcripts in pML cells was also examined. β-Actin was used as an internal control. Vertical lines have been inserted to indicate a repositioned gel lane. (B-K) Immunohistochemical analysis of SDF-1α protein. H&E staining (B,D) and immunostaining (C,E) of SDF-1α in bile ducts from a normal C57BL/6 mouse (B-C) and in a bile duct surrounded by infiltrating tumor cells from a HTLV-I Tax transgenic mouse (D-E). Black arrows indicate the same bile duct in serial sections for panels B and C and panels D and E. Bars indicate (B-C) 20 μm or (D-E) 50 μm. Immunohistochemical analysis of SDF-1α protein in liver bile ducts from ATL patients (F-I) and a patient without ATL (J-K). Serial sections of H&E-stained liver from ATL patients (F,H) were examined with immunostaining using anti–SDF-1α antibody (G,I). Black arrows indicate the same bile duct in serial sections for panels F and G and panels H and I. Serial sections of (J) H&E-stained liver from a patient without ATL were also analyzed for (K) SDF-1α expression. Black arrows indicate serial sections of the same bile ducts for panels J and K. Bars indicate 50 μm. Brown indicates immunopositive reaction (C,E,G,I,K).