Pretreatment with TLR4 (LPS) or TLR7/8 (resiquimod) agonists enhances survival of neonatal mice with polymicrobial sepsis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve for neonates following TLR agonist pretreatment and subsequent administration of an approximate LD₇₀ quantity of cecal slurry (1.3 mg/g LD₇₀). LPS (●), resiquimod ([diao), poly I:C (□), and sham (normal saline; ▵). Survival was significantly (*P < .05 by Fisher exact test) improved in the LPS (61%)– and resiquimod (56%)–treated groups as compared with sham (35%) and poly I:C (33%).