Failure to respond to thalidomide or lenalidomide induction leads to shorter posttransplantation overall survival. (A) Overall survival from day 0 of transplantation, based on response status at transplantation. Medians are 73.5, 32.7, and 23.8 months for plateau (n = 232), refractory (n = 29), and relapse on therapy (n = 25), respectively (P < .002). (B) Overall survival from day 0 of transplantation, based on response status at transplantation and comparing plateau with refractory and relapsing combined. Medians are 73.5 months for plateau (n = 232) and 30.4 months for refractory or relapsing (n = 54) (P < .001). BMT indicates bone marrow transplantation.