ER-stress/proapoptotic terminal UPR gene expression in WM. UPR gene expression was compared in BM CD19⁺ WM cells (N = 16) to BM CD19⁺ cells from healthy donors (NBM, N = 4) treated with tunicamycin (Tm; 10 μg/mL for 3 hours) using relative quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). Panels show mean gene expression as a normalized ratio over ribosomal 18S. (A) Expression of genes of the IRE1 pathway, including IRE1, Xbp-1s, and EDEM. (B) Expression of genes of the PERK pathway, including PERK and GADD153/CHOP. All data represent mean plus or minus SD of triplicate experiments. (C) Panel that summarizes the mean values for the transcript levels with SD and range.