Patient MRIs. Top panel: MRI of a 56-year-old woman with an advanced cholangiocarcinoma. (A) The majority of the liver lesions revealed mainly necrotic and bright at the anatomic T2w image, whereas some smaller vascularized lesions exposed gray (arrow). Parametric, SPIO enhanced ΔR2*-maps of a well vascularized liver lesion (arrow) showed in correlation of pre- (B) to post- (C) tTF-NGR application a clear reduction of the vascular volume fraction (VVF). (D) The corresponding quantitative ΔR2* values revealed after repetitive measurements a 24.9% reduction of the mean tumor blood volume after tTF-NGR application, while the error bars describe the heterogeneous tumor blood volume pattern at the different localizations measured within the whole vascularized liver lesion. Bottom panel: MRI of a 28-year-old woman with lung adenocarcinoma (E). Breast metastasis (arrow) with low vascularization (possibly due to previous bevacizumab) before (F) and after (G) tTF-NGR application showing a reduction of the mean tumor blood volume of 18.2% (H). For details see top panel.