Chim3 blocks HIV-1 DNA integration in productive infection of CEM A3.01 cells, CD4⁺ T lymphocytes, and CD34⁺-derived macrophages. (A) Empty and Chim3-transduced CEM A3.01 cells were infected with the X4 HIV-1 NL4-3 molecular clone. (B) Empty and Chim3-transduced CD4⁺ T lymphocytes were infected with the R5 AD8 molecular clone. (C) Empty and Chim3-transduced CD34⁺-derived macrophages were infected with the laboratory-adapted R5 HIV-1 BaL. All cells were infected at an MOI of 0.1 for 7 days. Total DNA was extracted at the indicated time points, and the copy number of HIV-1 DNA was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Values are representative of 1 of 3 independent experiments.