Both F12-Vif and Chim3 protect macrophages from HIV-1 challenge. CD34⁺-derived empty, F12-Vif–, and Chim3-transduced macrophages were infected in quintuplicate cultures with 3 different R5 HIV-1 strains, the molecular clone AD1 (A), the laboratory-adapted BaL (B), and the primary isolate TZ97001 (C) at an MOI of 0.01, and the kinetics of infection were followed for 3 to 5 weeks.