IKDCs are not rapidly depleted in estrogen-treated mice, but their functions may be hormone modulated. Mice were given subcutaneous time-release pellets containing placebo or 17β-estradiol. (A) IKDCs, pDC1s, pDC2s, and NK cells in BM were enumerated by flow cytometry and mean ± SEM values are shown (*P < .05). (B) Typical flow cytometry analyses at 2 weeks after treatment are shown. Average frequencies for each of the gated populations are given in the figure. (C) LSKs remaining in BM of mice treated for one week were also sorted and placed in stromal cell cocultures (OP9 + Flk-2/Flt-3 ligand) for an additional week. The results are given as yields of IKDCs per input progenitor. (D) IKDCs were recovered and double sorted from BM of mice treated for one week before being evaluated in overnight CpG-containing cultures for cytokine production. The data are representative of 3 similar experiments.