PKCβ is elevated in patients with WM and is essential for the survival of WM cells. (A) Proteomic analysis of some PKC protein family members: the WM samples are numbered 1 to 5. The control sample (composed of 3 control samples mixed) is at the far right of the heat map. All the samples were normalized to the control sample using the Genespring software. The data points are colored by expression with lower signal values colored blue and higher values, red. Yellow signifies expression values equal to the control sample. (B) Immunohistochemistry with anti-PKCβ on patient's bone marrow biopsy demonstrating increased staining in the WM samples 2, 3, and 4 of the protein microarrays. The arrows indicate some examples of PKCβ-positive cells. (C) Whole-cell lysates from BCWM.1 (1), MEC1 (2), as well as 4 patients' bone marrow samples CD19⁺ selected (3 to 6) and 2 healthy donors' bone marrows CD19⁺ selected (7 and 8) were subjected to Western blotting using anti-PKCβ antibody. β-Actin was used as control. PKCβ was overexpressed in WM samples compared to control. (D) BCWM.1 cells were transduced with 6 different shRNAs (1 to 6) or mock (M) using a lentivirus transfection system. At 48 hours after transduction, whole-cell lysates were subjected to Western blotting using anti-PKCβ, anti-PARP, and anti–β-actin antibodies.