The schema of the proposed mechanism of PEL development. HHV8/KSHV-infected B cells acquire the characteristics of neoplastic change, such as immune evasion, drug resistance, antiapoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cytokine stabilization. Color coding is as follows: viral proteins (light blue), transcription factors (lavender), kinase (light green), enzyme (blue), and proteins (magenta). BCL10, B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10; BCR, B-cell receptor; CARD11, caspase recruitment domain–containing protein 11; MALT1, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1; TNFR, TNF receptor. Professional illustration by Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios.