Scheme of EBV⁺B-cell lymphoma microenvironment establishment. (1) EBV-infected cells release exosomes containing EBV-miRNAs, which are incorporated into macrophages. (2) Lymphoma-derived exosomes alter gene expression and convert the macrophages into “tumor associated macrophages.” (3) Accumulation of BART miRNAs and upregulation of tumor-supporting molecules, TNF-α, IL-10, and ARG1, enhance the development of EBV⁺ B-cell lymphoma.