Treatment with exosomes shifts the phenotype of monocytes to the immune regulatory phenotype via BART miRNAs delivery. (A) PBMCs were cultured with PKH26-labeled Akata-LCL and B95-8-LCL exosomes. CD14 and CD69 expression was detected by flow cytometry. (B) Exosomes were harvested from Daudi and X50-7 culture supernatant. BART miRNA expression level in exosomes was measured by qPCR. Each column indicates each BART miRNA. (C) PBMCs were cultured with each type of exosome. CD14 and CD69 expression was detected by flow cytometry (left). Exogenous BART miRNAs were introduced into Daudi cells, and exosomes were harvested from cells transduced with control or BART miRNA-expressing vector. CD69 expression was upregulated on monocytes (right top) by exosomes collected from BART miRNA-transduced cells as compared with the control (right bottom). (D) Monocyte ratios in PBMCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. (E) Total RNA from PBMCs was collected. Each mRNA expression level was determined by qPCR. Fold-induction was calculated as the ratio of EBV miRNA-rich value to EBV miRNA-poor value. (F) mRNA expression level of IL-10 was detected by qPCR. The relative amount of IL-10 mRNA was standardized by the absolute amount of that the samples without exosome and annexin. Statistical significance was calculated by comparing that on 0 µg/µL of annexin. The triplicated value were analyzed twice. *P < .05, Student t test.