Approach to monitoring and management of liver disease in adult β-thalassemia patients.^aBy MRI R2 or T2*, the latter requiring appropriate calibration and preferred if cardiac iron assessment is required at the same time. MRI monitoring can start at the age of 10 years in TDT (or earlier if feasible and deemed necessary) and NTDT. ^bIf not anti-HBsAg⁺. DAA, direct-acting antiviral drug; HAV, hepatitis A virus; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; LFT, liver function test; LIC, liver iron concentration; RNA-PCR, RNA polymerase chain reaction; SF, serum ferritin.