Morbidities and risk factors in patients with NTDT. Risk factors and pathophysiologic mechanisms as Venn diagrams within which notable morbidities associated with them are included. Some morbidities are attributed to >1 risk factor. These associations are mostly based on data from observational studies. ^aAs evident on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT). EMH, extramedullary hematopoietic pseudotumors; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; IE, ineffective erythropoiesis, PHT, pulmonary hypertension.