PGN challenge induces progressive peripheral organ failure and ultimately death. Time-course evaluation of plasma biomarkers of organ dysfunction: creatinine (A), BUN (B) and ALT (C), in baboons challenged with different doses of PGN. The expected physiologic range for each biomarker is depicted by dotted lines. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Paired time-point data are compared between the 2 groups using multiple Student t tests (*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001). (D) Survival curves of baboons challenged with either high-dose or low-dose PGN. Mortality was significantly higher in high-dose compared with low-dose challenge (log-rank Mantel-Cox test, P = .0394).