T cells in CLL exhibit features of exhaustion and functionally, both CD4 (shown in upper right panel) and CD8 (not shown) cells form ineffective immune synapses with CD20-expressing CLL cells. Treatment with ibrutinib repairs the observed T-cell defects so that when combined with the action of the bispecific antibody, we see repaired T cells with increased effector function and marked increase the ability of the T cells to form in immune synapses with the CLL cells (upper right panel) and induce leukemia cell killing. Professional illustration by Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios.

T cells in CLL exhibit features of exhaustion and functionally, both CD4 (shown in upper right panel) and CD8 (not shown) cells form ineffective immune synapses with CD20-expressing CLL cells. Treatment with ibrutinib repairs the observed T-cell defects so that when combined with the action of the bispecific antibody, we see repaired T cells with increased effector function and marked increase the ability of the T cells to form in immune synapses with the CLL cells (upper right panel) and induce leukemia cell killing. Professional illustration by Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios.

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