Plasma lactadherin and its therapeutic potential for TBI-induced coagulopathy. (A) Plasma levels of lactadherin in sham mice and in FPI mice preconditioned with lactadherin or PBS (n = 15, repeated measures ANOVA; *P < .001 vs sham). Plasma levels of (B) NSE⁺ MVs and (C) mtMVs in C57Bl/6J mice subjected to FPI and that received 400 μg/kg lactadherin or PBS 30 minutes after injury (sham mice as control, repeated measures ANOVA, *P < .01, #P < .05). (D) A comparison in plasma NSE⁺ (top) and mtMVs (bottom) between mice preconditioned with lactadherin (a) and those receiving lactadherin after the injury (b; n = 32, 1-way ANOVA). (E) Clotting time and (F) plasma levels of d-dimer in mice receiving lactadherin 30 minutes after TBI (n = 21, repeated measures ANOVA, *P < .01 vs PBS-infused mice).