AML-induced Tim-3–expressing liver CD8⁺ T cells in PD-1 KO mice were dysfunctional. (A-B) WT or PD-1 KO mice (10 mice/group) were injected with 10⁶ C1498FFDsR through the tail vein. (A) Whole-body imaging was performed 7, 14, and 21 days post-AML injection. PD-1 KO mice had decelerated tumor growth compared with WT controls. *P < .01 compared with WT controls. (B) Significant prolonged surviving time with partial survival from AML was attained in PD-1 KO mice. *P < .001 compared with WT controls. (C-E) Naive or AML-bearing PD-1 KO mice (3-4 mice/group) were killed 25 days post-AML injection. Liver leukocytes were isolated. Tim-3 and intracellular cytokine production was determined by FACS. Tim-3 expression induced by AML on the liver CD8⁺ T cells in PD-1 KO mice 25 days post-AML injection is shown in flow dot plot (C) and bar graph (D). (E) Tim-3⁺CD8⁺ T cells from PD-1 KO mice were deficient in producing IFN-γ, TNF-α but not IL-2 compared with Tim-3⁻ fraction.