VNN1 expression. (A) Real-time PCR validation of VNN1 expression in different ITP groups and healthy controls. Five groups of samples were included in the validation: self-limited acute ITP (A, n = 8), chronic ITP during the acute phase (A-C, n = 7), healthy control (N, n = 5), resolved acute ITP (A-R, n = 6), and chronic ITP resistant to multiple treatments (RC, n = 6). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney 2-tailed test was performed in the statistical analysis. At the transcriptional level, VNN1 expression in the A-C group is significantly higher compared with the A (P = .0093), N (P = .0177), and A-R (P = .0221) groups; VNN1 expression in the RC group is significantly higher than the A group (P = .0127). The upper and lower limits of each box represent the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively; the horizontal lines inside the box represent medians; the whiskers represent extreme measurements. (B) Expression distribution of VNN1 in subsets of human blood cells. Purified CD15⁺ granulocytes, CD20⁺ B cells, CD14⁺ monocytes, CD3⁺CD4⁺ T cells, CD3⁺CD8⁺ T cells, and platelets were obtained from blood donors as described in “Expression distribution of VNN1 in subsets of human blood cells.” The relative expression level of VNN1 determined by real-time PCR in normal human adults is high in granulocytes and monocytes and moderate in platelets. VNN1 expression is low in CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and B cells. The range and mean of normalized VNN1 expression value in each cell subset are shown.