R-sIL-7gly induces cell cycling and cell survival in IFN-α–treated macaques. (A) Cell cycling estimated through Ki-67 expression in CD4⁺ (top panels) and CD8⁺ (bottom panels) in macaques 1 and 2 treated with weekly injections of PEG-IFN-α (35 μg/kg) for 10 weeks (left panels; white and gray bars, respectively) as well as in macaques 3, 4, and 5 (right panels; white, gray, and black bars, respectively) that received weekly injections of PEG-IFN-α (35 μg/kg) and 4 injections of R-sIL-7gly (80 μg/kg) once every 3 weeks for a total of 10 weeks. (B) Bcl-2 expression in CD4⁺ (top panels) and CD8⁺ (bottom panels) for macaques 1 and 2 (left panels; white circles and squares, respectively) and macaques 3, 4, and 5 (right panels; gray diamonds, triangles, and squares, respectively). (C) Ki-67 expression in naive CD4⁺ (top panels) and CD8⁺ (bottom panels) T cells for macaques 1 and 2 (left panels; white and gray bars, respectively) and macaques 3, 4, and 5 (right panels; white, gray, and black bars, respectively). (D) Bcl-2 expression in naive CD4⁺ (top panels) and CD8⁺ (bottom panels) T cells for macaques 1 and 2 (left panels; white circles and squares, respectively) and macaques 3, 4, and 5 (right panels; gray diamonds, triangles, and squares, respectively). (E) Plasma viral load measured throughout the follow-up period for macaques 1 and 2 (left panels; white circles and squares, respectively) and macaques 3, 4, and 5 (right panels; gray diamonds, triangles, and squares, respectively).