The inhibitory effects of 11kDa-specific Morpholinos on B19V infection–induced apoptosis. CD36⁺ EPCs were pretreated with a control Morpholino (MO-Ctrl) or 11kDa-specific Morpholinos, MO-1, MO-2, and MO-3, as indicated, at a final concentration of 6μM, 24 hours before B19V infection. (A) A schematic diagram of the 11kDa-encdoing mRNA and targets for specific Morpholino is shown. Regions in the 11kDa-encoding mRNA that Morpholinos target are shown with their respective nucleotide numbers. (B) Detection of B19V 11kDa protein. The same samples used for TUNEL assay were used for Western blot using anti-11kDa antiserum. Detection of β-actin using a polyclonal antibody (ab1801; Abcam) served as a loading control. (C) TUNEL assay was performed with costaining of B19V capsid using an anti-B19V capsid antibody (clone 521-5D; Millipore) for selection of infected cells at 48 hours after infection by flow cytometer. The TUNEL⁺ population is shown as a percentage in capsid-positive cells.