Identification of p53-responsive elements in the EF-1α gene. (A) Elements homologous to the p53-responsive consensus (RRRCWWGYYY)36 were identified in exon 2 (4-base mismatch), exon 3 (1-base mismatch), and exon 4 (2-base mismatch), respectively. These elements were conserved in the human, rat, and frog EF-1α gene. D9 contained the consensus sequence in exon 2. (B) D9 and genomic region (E3E4) that contained the consensus elements conferred the p53-inducibility.