Pathophysiologic model showing the influence of preactivated PBMCs on human ECs. LPS- or IR-treated PBMCs drive ECs into programmed cell death via distinct signalling pathways and may prevent vascular repair by causing an EC cycle arrest in G_0/1 . IL-10 as an antagonistic cytokine can protect against apoptosis as well as against cell cycle arrest and may be of potential therapeutic value.