RKIP loss is involved in the development of MS. (A-B) Results of migration and invasion experiments using THP-1 AML cells with RKIP short hairpin RNA KD (A) and FLAG-RKIP OE (B). Representative images (40× magnification) of PET membranes with Giemsa-stained cells are displayed. The number of cells was counted with an inverted microscope. In all cases, cells carrying the empty control vectors (control KD and control OE, respectively) have been arbitrarily set to a value of 100, and the x-fold change in cells transduced with either RKIP short hairpin RNA (THP-1 RKIP KD) or FLAG-RKIP (THP-1 RKIP OE) was calculated using the ratio “number of cells RKIP KD/number of cells control KD” and “number of cells RKIP OE/number of cells control OE,” respectively. Graphs summarize the results of at least 3 independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean values ± standard deviation, and P values have been calculated using the Student t test. (C) Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining of chicken CAMs after seeding of THP-1 AML cells with RKIP KD (THP-1 RKIP KD) and without (THP-1 control KD) showing invasion and tumor formation in the THP-1 RKIP KD condition (10× magnification). The graph displays the area of invading cells/tumors as assessed by ImageJ and summarizes the results of 4 independent experiments. Data are expressed as mean values ± standard deviation, and P values have been calculated using the Student t test.