Schematic summary of genetic abnormalities in ATL cells. (A) Accumulation of mutations in TCR signaling and NF-κB pathway. (B) examples of minor mutations. Intragenic deletions and mutations in genes other than those involved in TCR signaling. (C) possible effects of cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) island methylator phenotype (CIMP). CSNK2B, casein kinase II subunit β; CSNK2A1, casein kinase 2 α 1; CSNK1A1, casein kinase 1 α 1; HNRNPA2B1, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1; IKZF2, zinc finger protein Helios.