The induction of the apoptotic pathway in BMPCs. (A) The induction of apoptosis after treatment of BMPCs with melphalan alone or in combination with an inhibitor. Correlation between the melphalan doses required for the induction of apoptosis and the drug-induced monoadducts (B), ICLs (C), γH2AX (D), and Rad51 foci (E) in the same patients. The experiments shown were based on a minimum of 3 independent repeats and the data reported are the mean ± SD of all the patients analyzed.