GCK and its downstream effectors are upregulated in de novo primary DLBCL, in a subtype-independent manner. (A) Summary of IHC results from primary DLBCL tumors. Representative staining for GCK negative (B), moderate (C), and strong (D) expressing de novo primary DLBCL tumors. (E) A noncancerous lymph node stained for GCK expression. (F) Fifty-seven primary DLBCLs were analyzed by IHC for GCK, pMAP3K1, pMAP2K7, pMAP2K4, pJNK, and pP38, and (G) 36 primary DLBCLs were stained for GCK, the germinal center markers BCL6, CD10, HGAL, and LMO2, and the ABC-like markers BCL2 and MUM1. Tumor samples were clustered with Cluster software and visualized with Treeview. Kaplan–Meier plots of (H) PFS (P = .04) and (I) overall survival of 151 DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP grouped on the basis of IHC staining for GCK. The positive cases including GCK medium (n = 33) and high expressing cases (n = 98) were analyzed together. n.s., results that are not statistically significant.