mMCP-11 induces leukocyte migration in vitro. The ability of mMCP-11 to induce leukocyte migration was examined by using a transwell migration assay. Indicated types of cells (5 × 105 cells) were placed in the upper chamber while WT mMCP-11, MT mMCP-11, control BSA, or the indicated chemokine was included in culture medium in the lower chamber. (A) The number of cells recovered from the lower chamber after 1.5 hours (for neutrophils) or 2 hours (for other cell types) of incubation at 37°C is shown (mean ± SD, n = 3 chambers each). (B) Indicated types of cells were pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTX, gray bars) or control PBS (black bars) for 1 hour previous to the transwell migration assay and analyzed as in panel A (mean ± SD, n = 3 chambers each). Data shown are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. **P < .01; ***P < .001.
