Elevated levels of intracellular phospho-p38 and its downstream transcription factor phospho-CREB in BM EPCs from PGF subjects compared with GGF subjects and normal controls. Flow cytometry revealed increased phospho-p38 (A) and phospho-CREB (E), whereas no significant differences in phospho-ERK (B), phospho-JNK (C), phospho-Akt (D), and phospho-c-Jun (F) expression in precultivated BM EPCs among subjects with PGF, subjects with GGF, and normal controls. Data are expressed as the MFI (mean ± SEM). (G) Representative western blots of phospho-p38, total p38, phospho-ERK, total ERK, phospho-JNK, total JNK, phospho-Akt, total Akt, and GADPH in cultivated BM EPCs at day 7 in culture among subjects with PGF, subjects with GGF, and normal controls.