Impaired function of BM EPCs in PGF subjects compared with GGF subjects and normal controls. (A) Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of the transwell migration assays of cultivated BM EPCs at day 7 in culture (original magnification ×10). The numbers of migrated BM EPCs per field of view were compared among subjects with PGF, subjects with GGF, and normal controls. Three power fields were randomly counted and averaged per sample. (B) Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of tube formation (pixels of tubes per field of view) by cultivated BM EPCs at day 7 in culture (original magnification ×10). Three power fields were randomly counted and averaged per sample. (C) To detect the levels of intracellular ROS or apoptosis in precultivated BMMNCs, the BM EPCs demonstrating the typical expression of CD34, CD309, and CD133 were firstly gated by flow cytometry (left). Representative images (middle) and quantification (right) of intracellular ROS levels in the gated precultivated BM EPCs. (D) Representative images (left) and quantification (right) of the apoptosis in the gated precultivated BM EPCs. Data are expressed as the mean and SEM.