Mouse xenograft AML model using sample AML #2. (A) Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) immunophenotype of AML #2 patient-derived MNCs. (B) Representative photograph depicting the leukemic masses formed around the extramedullary bones of scaffold 1 (Sc1) and Sc3 and 2 scaffolds with no tumor growth (Sc4, not injected control scaffold), at mouse euthanasia. (C) Representative FACS phenotype from a primary huBM-sc mouse (m23; supplemental Table 1) transplanted with AML #2 cells. Expression of a panel of hematopoietic markers in huCD45⁺ gated cells isolated from different scaffolds or from the murine BM. (D) Bar graph summarizing the FACS phenotype of human CD45⁺ cells from different compartments of all mice injected with #2 AML cells compared with the original patient phenotype. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM. (E) Histologic sections of scaffold tumor from a representative #2 huBM-sc mouse (m24, Sc1) stained with H&E, anti-huCD45, or anti-huCD33 antibodies. (F) Representative images (m23) of May-Grünwald-Giemsa–stained cytospins of cells retrieved from Sc1, Sc3, or BM. DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; FSC, forward scatter; pt, patient; SSC, side scatter.