CONSORT diagram. Reasons for noneligibility for MPT-T: no measurable disease (n = 7), no plasma cells and no plasmacytomas (n = 1), creatinine clearance <30 mL/min (n = 1), amyloidosis of the heart (n = 1), creatinine clearance <30 ml/min and amyloidosis (n = 1), polyneuropathy (PNP) grade 2 (n = 1), active malignancy last 5 years (n = 1), bladder cancer (n = 1), and registered twice by mistake (n = 1); for MPR-R: no measurable disease (n = 8), eligible for HDM and autoSCT (n = 1), angina pectoris grade 3 (n = 1), PNP grade 2 (n = 1), previous malignancy last 5 years (n = 2), pancreas carcinoma at entry (n = 1), presence of melanoma lentigo 2 months before randomization (n = 1), and registered twice by mistake (n = 1). Numbers reflect the number of patients starting with treatment in rectangle 1, proceeding to cycle 4 in rectangle 2, proceeding to cycle 7 in rectangle 4, and starting maintenance in rectangle 4. The number within the rectangles shown behind “cycles” indicate the maximum number of cycles that were given to these patients, except for the last cycle within a rectangle, as the majority of these patients proceed with therapy as can be deduced from the number of patients proceeding to either cycle 4 and 7.