Change of LSC markers on paired AML diagnosis and relapse samples. Change in frequencies of LSC marker-positive bulk AML populations in paired diagnosis and relapse samples (AML, n = 23-25). For comparisons of change in frequency, a fold change (FC) cutoff of 1.5 was used in this analysis. “Increase” denotes any patient with FC ≥ 1.5 at relapse than at diagnosis. “Decrease” denotes any patient with FC of ≤ 0.67 at relapse than at diagnosis. “No change” denotes a FC <1.5 to >0.67 from diagnosis to relapse (bottom).