Biomarker selection algorithm. Biomarkers for testing in the replication sets were selected from 2 test sets with discovery-based evaluations using proteomic analysis followed by MRM-MS replication, Luminex, and enzymatic assays. Other markers were selected from communication with collaborators (M.-J.H. and S.G.H.) as well as from recent biomarker studies in the literature (Kitko et al⁸ ). Using the selection criteria as outlined, only 11 biomarkers were evaluated in the replication sets using ELISA, MRM-MS, Luminex, and enzymatic assays.