Adoptive transfer of rVV-induced CTLs improves survival in an HBZ-induced ATL mouse model. (A) The cytotoxic effect of HBZ effector cells (Ly5.1) against Ht48 cells (Ly5.2). EL4 cells were used as a negative control. (B) HBZ-specific effector cells improved the survival ratio in an HBZ-induced ATL model. Naïve mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.), first with Ht48 cells, and then 3 times with peptide-stimulated splenocytes from rVV-HBZ LL/AA–vaccinated mice. At least 2 independent experiments were performed. Survival curves were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and statistical difference was calculated by log-rank test. *P < .05 by log-rank test.