Somatic variants in familial MDS/AML vs de novo AML. (A) Targeted sequencing of known RMGs demonstrated fewer mutations in familial cases compared to de novo cases (median, 2.0 vs 5.0; P = .0013 by 2-tailed Mann-Whitney). (B) Somatic mutation VAFs detected by exome sequencing in asymptomatic RUNX1 carriers and familial MDS and AML cases from GATA2 or RUNX1 families are shown. Age at sample collection is indicated by the x-axis labels (black, RUNX1 carrier; red, GATA2 carrier). Clonal hematopoiesis was detectable in 6 of 9 asymptomatic RUNX1 carriers.