Induction of FL-specific signaling pathways by DC-SIGN. Western blotting demonstrating ERK and AKT phosphorylation in primary FL cells taken from sIgM⁺ and sIgG⁺ cases. Representative examples of 16 samples: (A) sIgM⁺ and (B) sIgG⁺ cases treated with soluble or bead isotype control (IC), DC-SIGN, or anti-Ig for 0.5 and 3 hours. (C) Fold change analysis was used to measure the extent of ERK and AKT phosphorylation induced in the 16 samples by either DC-SIGN or anti-Ig over time. (D) Normal B cells were stimulated with either DC-SIGN or anti-IgM beads, and western blotting analysis was done for ERK and AKT phosphorylation.