Putative antileukemia anti-CMV activities of human γδ TCR-bearing T cells. ZOL and other bisphosphonates inhibit a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, leading to accumulation of IPP in acute leukemia cells. IPP is one of the nonpeptide phosphoantigens that are recognized by and stimulate cytolysis by human Vγ9⁺Vδ2⁺ T cells. Meanwhile, human CMV glycoprotein UL16 binds to the MHC class I–related molecule UL16-binding protein (ULBP) and stimulates the natural killer cell stimulatory receptor NKG2D, also found on Vδ1⁺ T cells. Professional illustration by Patrick Lane, ScEYEnce Studios.