Di Buduo et al demonstrated a combined model to mimic the bone marrow environment to study thrombopoiesis. They previously proposed that silk material-coated microtube structure is capable of recapitulating bone marrow environment, but it failed to obtain a higher rate of mature Mks.⁸  The improved system included increasing stiffness, extracellular matrix, cytokines, endothelial cells, and modulating shear stress by red blood cells. In this article,¹  the authors developed the 3D bioreactor that enhances migration and maturation of Mks, proplatelet generation, and yield of functional platelets. Silk material may be suitable for integration of several factors required for thrombopoiesis ex vivo. Adapted from Figures 5, 6, and 7 in the article by Di Buduo et al beginning on page 2254.