T_H17 /T_C17 cells redirected with mesothelin-specific CARs eradicate advanced preestablished tumors. (A) T_C17 and T_H17 cells were cocultured with M108 target cells stained with CFSE for 18 hours at the indicated effector-target (E:T) ratios. Specific cytolysis was determined using a flow cytometry-based assay. Percent specific lysis was calculated as [experimental release (cpm) − spontaneous release (cpm)]/[maximal release (cpm) − spontaneous release (cpm)] × 100. Error bars indicate SD in duplicate samples. Representative of 2 different experiments. (B) As shown schematically, human primary M108 tumors were established in the flanks of NSG mice. After 8 weeks, when the tumors reached a large volume of 500 mm³, mice were treated with 2 intratumoral injections of 10 × 10⁶ T_H17 and T_C17 cells (80% and 60% CAR⁺) or PBS on days 0 and 7. (C) Tumor volume was analyzed at indicated time points. Results are expressed as a mean tumor volume (± SD) with n = 9 for all groups. Representative of 2 different experiments.