TH17 cells redirected with ICOS endodomain showed increased expression of TH17/TH1-related genes. (A) GSEA for gene lists ranked by log2-fold change capturing expression patterns from TH17 cells with 3 different CAR signaling domains. Shaded area around each line reflects the mean ES ±1 SD for each corresponding CAR from 3 donor replicates, respectively. The verticle red lines indicate where in the ranked list human orthologous of 74 literature-derived TH17-related mouse genes were recovered. Blue line shows the performance of 10 000 randomly permuted gene sets in the ranked gene list from TH17 cells with ICOS. (B) Heat map of log2-fold change in expression of T helper signature genes at 4 hours relative to 0 hours. (C-D) Expression of selected genes was measured by qRT-PCR and was expressed relative to β-actin. The cytokine levels of IFN-γ were validated by ELISA. *P < .05, **P < .01.
