Changes from baseline to end of R-Dox in select biomarkers of KSHV-MCD. (A) Peripheral blood mononuclear cell–associated KSHV viral load (P = .0002, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). (B) Serum viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6) (P = .25, exact McNemar test). (C) Serum human interleukin 6 (hIL-6) (P = .0026, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). (D) Serum human interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P = .0002, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Log serum vIL-6 was less than the lower limit of detection (1560 pg/mL, or log 3.193) in 11 patients at baseline and 14 patients at the end of R-Dox therapy. *Patient with progressive symptoms and rising KSHV viral load, serum hIL-6, serum IL-10, and serum vIL-6; he subsequently died and was found to have PEL at autopsy.