Resolvin D1 effectively rescues Xiap^−/− mice from C albicans infection. (A) Resolvin D1 rescues Xiap^−/− mice from C albicans infection. C albicans (1 × 10⁵) was intravenously administered to Xiap^−/− mice (8-12 weeks old), with or without intravenous injection of RvD1 (100 ng)^30-32  3 days later. The survival of mice was monitored and is presented as a Kaplan-Meier survival curve; n = 6. (B) Resolvin D1 restores the normal morphology of kidney from C albicans-infected Xiap^−/− mice. WT (Ctrl) and Xiap^−/− mice were treated as in A. Infected Xiap^−/− mice were euthanized on 30% loss of body weight. Kidneys were isolated from Xiap^−/− mice and WT mice infected at the same time. Kidneys shown were representative of 6 mice. (C) Resolvin D1 alleviates kidney neutrophil infiltration in C albicans-infected Xiap^−/− mice. Total kidney cells were prepared from kidneys isolated in B, and the fraction of neutrophils was determined. (D-F,H) Resolvin D1 resolves the persistent inflammatory cytokine levels in Xiap^−/− mice after C albicans infection. Serum from C albicans-infected mice was collected 6 hours and 10 days after infection, and the levels of (D) IL-6, (E) TNF-α, (F) MCP-1, and (H) IL-10 were determined. (G) Resolvin D1 does not increase IL-10 production. WT and Xiap^−/− BMDCs were pretreated with vehicle or resolvin D1 and stimulated with curdlan. Secreted IL-10 was determined 24 hours after activation. (I-K) Resolvin D1 eliminates the fungal burden in Xiap^−/− mice infected with C albicans. (I) Livers, (J) kidneys, and (K) spleens were removed form C albicans-infected WT and Xiap^−/− mice in day 10. Colony-forming units of C. albicans in each organ was determined. *P < .05, **P < .01, and ***P < .001 for paired Student t test.