MM patients with elevated CCN1 during CR have prolonged duration of CR and longer progression-free and overall survival. (A) CCN1 levels during CR in patients who remained in CR <3 years (n = 26) compared with that of those who remained in CR ≥6 years (n = 80) is significantly different. (B) Progression-free survival and (C) overall survival of patients with high (Q4, n = 47; blue) and low (Q1-Q3, n = 141; red) levels of CCN1. (D) Progression-free survival and (E) overall survival of patients with GEP-defined low-risk MM (n = 152; green), high-risk MM and high levels of CCN1 (Q4, n = 7; blue), and high-risk MM and low levels of CCN1 (Q1-Q3, n = 22; red).