Increased Th17 cells in ALPS and DALD patients. The proportion of CD4⁺CCR6⁺ cells (A) and TCRαβ⁺IL-17A⁺ (B) in PBMCs activated by triggering of CD3 + CD28 and cultured with rIL-23. The levels of IL-17A (C) and IL-17F (D) in the culture supernatants are shown. The mean ± SE from 15 patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) is shown; *P < .05 (Mann-Whitney U test).