Globaland regional cause-specific anemia prevalence for 1990 and 2010. Prevalence of anemia for both males and females decreased from 1990 to 2010. The largest improvements for males were in anemia resulting from hookworm and iron deficiency, while the largest percentage gains for females were in iron deficiency and maternal hemorrhage. Regional differences in proportion of cases resulting from specific causes varied widely. Malaria was a major cause of anemia in many regions, but none more so than West sub-Saharan Africa, where it accounted for 24.7% of all prevalent anemia. South and East Asia, despite being among those regions with the greatest reductions in anemia, had more than half the world’s anemia cases. Anemia prevalence in 2010 generally increased with decreasing regional mean age of death. Prevalence was highest in East, Central, and West sub-Saharan Africa. These regions also saw the least improvement among all low- and middle-income regions between 1990 and 2010. AP, Asia Pacific; Cent, central; Eur, Europe; G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; hemog, hemoglobinemia; HI, high income; LA, Latin America; NA, North America; NA/ME, North Africa/Middle East; NTD, neglected tropical diseases; South, Southern; SE, Southeast; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa.